All About the Gut-Brain Axis

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a fascinating communication network connecting your stomach and intestines with your brain. This two-way street allows constant signaling between your gut and brain, influencing both health and function. Central to this are neural connections: the vagus nerve, which directs gut movements and transmits vital information, and the enteric nervous system, often termed the “second brain,” with its 500 million neurons managing local gut processes independently. The gut microbiome also plays a pivotal role, as the vast microorganisms present produce metabolites that impact brain function and behavior, with imbalances potentially leading to disorders like anxiety and depression. Compounding these interactions are the endocrine and immune pathways, where the HPA axis controls stress response, and inflammatory cytokines can affect brain health, linked to conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease.